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Abstrakt

Marx’s conception of Man and his social world outgrew into a new science on Man and his history, above all as the conception of new dialectical-materialist starting-points and methodological principles of examination of these problems. Here belongs the idea of historism and the stand-point of practice. It was due to them that Marx reached a qualitative turn (and a shift) in the solving of problems of Man, especially due to the fact that he overcame the speculative rationalism of Hegel and the abstract and sense-perceptual humanism of Feuerbach by scientific communism and the standpoint of revolutionary practice. The idea of historism and practice in the works of K. Marx acquired also importance because it serves, in the function of theoretical-methodological rule, as a demarcation line between the contemporary Marxist-Leninist science and various non-Marxist, bourgeois, especially revisionist theories. Therefore the absence of the idea of historism and practice in these theories causes that in analyses of social activities the problems such as estrangement, freedom, selfrealization are interpreted dogmatically and in an ahistoric and abstract way.