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In the contribution the author concentrates on Habermas’s attempt at overcoming the horizon of the classical „critical theory“ of the Frankfurt school in Habermas’s theory of social communication, in close relation with his project of „reconstruction“ of historical materialism. The problem of „reconstruction“ of historical materialism is brought in two aspects — as a social-philosophical conception, whose suhject-matter is the investigation of the „social revolution“ and as a general-sociological conception of contemporary „late capitalism“ (modernity). The author of the paper points out what theoretical and political consequences are implicated in Habermas’s conception and why they are not acceptable for Marxist-Leninist theory of society.