Ročník 68 (2013), 2

The paper deals with three problems concerning Cicero’s reflections on Chrysippus’ theory περι συµπαθείας in his De fato: 1) methodological differentiation between two types of sympatheia; 2) the critique of the stoic secondary causes; 3) the conception of powerful independent human will. The author comes to the conclusion that the sphere affected by sympatheia… Čítať ďalej

Locke’s concept of liberty has been widely discussed since its first publication. The debates focused mainly on the issues such as the free will, the compatibility/incompatibility problem, the motivation and liberty, the theory of suspension or the rela-tionship between liberty and morality. The paper tries to explain Locke’s concept of liberty in its unity,… Čítať ďalej

In Physics II. 4-6 Aristotle deals with the technical concept of chance (το αυτοµατον). Here a number of specific characteristics are ascribed to the chance happenings. At the same time, in his biological works Aristotle presents his notorious theory of ‘spontaneous generation’ (αυτοµατος γενεσις). Most scholars assume that this theory ought to be in line with the… Čítať ďalej

Aristotle believes that most people can be enslaved, devoid of injustice, as they are born to be slaves. At the same time, some of them are born free to dominate as masters. Most modern critics have condemned these concepts. The author tries to re-evaluate the concepts of citizenship and slavery in the light of Aristotle’s Politics, to reveal not only Aristotle’s… Čítať ďalej