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Abstrakt

The basis of the traditional Christian conception of man is the biblical legend about the first men and the thesis, following from the legend, about nonauthenticity, weakness and depravity of man. Under the influence of scientific, technological and social progress, contemporary theology endeavors to overcome the negativism of this conception, to create a model of the believer with a positive relation towards reality, with an active humanism and responsibility. The present paper shows some manifestations of this tendencies in the official as well as leftist Catholicism, in the views of the theologian of the Unity of Brethren, prof. J. L. Hromádka, and in the so-called atheistic theology within contemporary Protestantism. According to the present author, the Christian modernizing tendencies do not essentially overcome the restriction and onesidedness of the traditional conception of individual, his freedom, activity and responsiblity. The Christian innovative activities persisit in being under the influence of pseudoanthropocentrism, lag behind the development of modern philosophical thought, humanism and social reality. However, the interpretational changes of the Christian anthropology facilitate the social usability of religion. From the theorethical point of view, skepticism of the Christian anthropology may play the role of a regulative factor of the extreme rationalism and optimism of nonreligional conceptions. The area of these problems represents a suitable ground for a dialogue with the Christians. The author sees the basis of the solution of the problems of man in the development of the objective conditions of emancipation and transformation of individual and in the theoretical elaboration of a nonreligional positive conception of personality in human and historical dimensions.