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The paper examines Thomas Aquinas' argumentation concerning his assertions related to human beings, such as incorporeity, subsistence, spiritualness, immortality of the soul, conjunction of the soul and the body, importance of human body. At the same time it reveals, in polemics with Kenny and Swiezawski, Thomas Aquinas' metaphysical presuppositions and affirmed validity of the majority of his important conclusions. Author, together with M. Schulze, confutes Aquinas' opinion on successive originating of souls in man and accepts the idea of one origin of the rational soul by creation.