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Abstrakt

Marx’s view of cultural phenomena was always inseparably connected with their evaluation as social phenomena. In all works of Marx there was implicitly included a magnificent search for cultural significance of the phenomena in all spheres of human material activity. It follows from Marx’s views that, in order to understand one of the basic needs of Man — the need to develop universally his capabilities and relations — it is especially important to incorporate science correctly into the system of human culture. The science contains „the inevitable preconditions of practical universality of Man“ while all the preceding traditional forms of culture understood this universality only in Man’s turning to forces of transcendence. In order to understand the significance of creativity, of creative human activity as the basis of culture, we must again turn back to Marx’s conception of work. Creation — as the chief attribute of culture — can be understood, explained and realized only as a continuous going beyond any limitations, set in advance. Creation means the capability to overcome in practice any historically determined result of material or spiritual activity of Man, to cross the limitations which this result incarnates at the given stage of development and to create principally new possibility of acting.