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Transcendentalism is an alternative for philosophy to justify its competence in examining knowledge in the era of science. In the first part of the paper attention is paid to several philosophical and scientific conceptions, which meet on the platform of transcendentalism. The second part deals with Kant’s understanding of transcendental knowledge and apriori judgements and concepts. Finally, in the third part transcendentalism is defined in terms of such concepts as reason, rule and limit, what enables us to understand, how the quest for conditions of possible knowledge ended in historical apriori.