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The paper deals with the problem of nation in Slovak philosophical thought in the first half of the 20th century on the cultural, social and political background of that period. The author emphasizes the impact the modernization ideas had on the theoretical attitudes of some authors in this field. These developments resulted in a permanent conflict between the traditionalist and the modernization conceptions, characteristic of the period. She focuses particularly on the attitudes of the Christian-catholic conservative line, represented by the Christian nationalism of J. Tiso, Š. Polakovič, as well as on the the views of moderate Christian intellectuals (M. Chladný - Hanoš and his followers) as contrasted to the modernization attitudes of Slovak defenders of the idea of czechoslovakism.