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Abstrakt

It was phenomenology and logical positivism among the new philosophic movements that paid great attention to problems of empirical knowledge. The author shows some concrete methodological problems such as the forming of concepts, the nature and function of empirical generalizations, the questions of scientific explanation, verification of scientific theories and the creating of worldview orientation where phenomenalist, positivist and conventionalist conceptions of the empirical level of knowledge and its place in the knowledge, the practical and communicative activity, are not satisfactory. In this respect any forms of subjectivism cannot be accepted by Marxist methodology either.