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Abstrakt

Descartes’ principle of distinguishing between res cogitans and res extensa resulted from the controversy between teleological Aristotelian conception of being and its mechanistic Galileian alternative. Depriving the objective experience of its teleology brought about a rhetoric innovation - a new language of the ideas of consciousness. This language made the discussion of being in the absence of our idea of being, impossible. The subjective could not be conceived without the objective any more. Reality thus becomes a product of the constructive activity of consciousness. The certainity of consciousness knowledge becomes the new criterion of truth, being ensured by Descartes’ ontological evidence of God. But similarly, the idea of God itself must meet the criterion of the evidence of consciousness. It is this problematic toutology, which marks the origins of modernity values decay, as well as its reflexion in modern philosophy.