Publication Details

Abstract

The problems of sociology and philosophy in relation to the „sciences of man“ are dealt with in the present paper. Fist, the following questions are being made clear: 1. The relation of Marxism-Leninism as a system („supersystem“) to the „sciences of man“. 2. The question of the system of the sciences of man. 3. The task of philosophy and sociology in the system of the sciences of man, their mutual relation, delimitation of the problems and the elaboration of the structures proper. As far as the first point is concerned, the author asserts that it is not possible to build the basic social sciences („sciences of man“, philosophy, sociology) outside the theory and system of Marxism-Leninism. Point 2 is of special interest; the author unfolds in it a few conceptions (models, hypotheses) of the „sciences of man“: a) „Sciences of man“ as a logically coherent system, b) „Sciences of man“ as a collection of „problem circles“ of various independent sciences (only some aspects of the individual sciences could be included into this „system“), c) When determining the „core“ of the sciences of man one meets the „aggressiveness“ of the individual sciences, d) It is unusually difficult to find objective criteria and reasons for the „elimination“ of certain branches of science out of this system. In the conclusion, some aspects of the relation between sociology and philosophy are dealt with. The onesided, nondialectical conception of an absolute separateness of philosophy and sociology is refused. The essential, structural difference between them is expressed as follows: philosophy analyses the ,,system of general connections" (the totality of nature, man, society and thinking) while sociology selects social phenomena in their ,,totality" (society as a whole, structure, system, with all „elements“, levels, strata) out of this system (of objective reality as a whole).