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The aim of this article is to examine the core of Abelard's intentionalist ethics, his understanding of intention, and some of the problems present in his conception. It also aims to demonstrate a more comprehensive understanding of the issue of intentions developed by Thomas Aquinas and compare it to Abelard's teaching. The study explores these topics from the perspective of history of philosophy and points out similarities and differences in the approaches of both of the philosophers. Abelard’s conception was further elaborated by Thomas Aquinas, however, the problem of intention and its place in the evaluation of human actions has not been completely solved.