Ročník 70 (2015), 8

The present paper offers (i) a logico-semantic analysis of sentences of the form "(ιx)Φ(x) is C“, where C stands for „possible“ (LP) or „merely possible“ (MP) or „really possible“ (Re) or „impossible“ (NP) and (ii) an explication of intuitive meanings of these expressions using modal temporal semantics. The crucial question concerning this analysis runs: What are… Čítať ďalej

The fourdimensional view of material objects and the idea of temporal parts are considered as two sides of the same coin known as worm theory. As it is argued, objects extended in space have spatial parts while temporally extended objects have temporal parts. The aim of the paper is to show that the notion of temporal part is framerelative and that its role in the… Čítať ďalej

The problem of demarcation may take on many forms. A philosopher may ask what is typical of “true knowledge”, or whether science provides it, and if it does, what the reasons are. Thus he faces a demanding task of specifying the particularity of science as such because he has to find necessary as well as sufficient conditions of distinguishing between science and… Čítať ďalej

This paper deals with the epistemological claims of logic. Skepticism is a position in the philosophy of logic, according to which the „fundamental logical truths“ such as „Modus ponens is a valid rule of inference“, are unjustifiable. In his quest for a „plausible epistemology for logic“, Paul Boghossian subjected this position to an original criticism. He argues… Čítať ďalej

This paper is a survey of classical and contemporary approaches to abstraction and idealization in the philosophy of science. In this second part, it focuses on the more recent contributions by Martin Jones, Michael Weisberg and Michael Strevens. The final section is devoted to the problem of so-called non-Galilean idealization or idealization without successful… Čítať ďalej

The author shows what interpretation in law is not and offers a new hypothesis: The interpretation in law is a justified explicatory translation which meets Carnap’s criteria of an adequate interpretation. He identifies interpretation in law with a set of analytical methods which as such are value-neutral. They are always related to a particular legal system with… Čítať ďalej

The article deals with two approaches to constructing a historical narrative: that of Hayden White, who considers historical narratives to be narrative interpretations. He argues that the plurality of historical narratives arises from the plurality of narrative forms used in the representations of the past. For M. Mandelbaum, N. Carroll and D. Carr on the other… Čítať ďalej

The study deals with the reference of fictional narrative and the theoretical conceptualization of the reader’s activity. It is a response to a study by the philosopher Petr Koťátko, in which he argues that a narrative fictional text (as well as any other text) directs our thinking and imagination at a real world. Thereby Petr Koťátko disputes the theory of… Čítať ďalej

Interpretative processes focusing on motives of thought, utilized in analyses of literary works, are based on various philosophical theories. This paper deals with structuralist approach to extra-aesthetic values of belles-lettres in Jan Mukařovský’s work, and phenomenological interpretation of belles-lettres in Jan Patočka’s work.