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Abstrakt

The paper sets itself the aim to investigate the positions of the main philosophical trends of the present in the conditions of the starting scientific technological revolution. These positions are being investigated in connection with the reconstruction of the rational basis of modern scientific thinking in the intentions of the basic changes in the sphere of science as well as of the progressive social practice. The author points out the basic importance of philosophy for this reconstruction. In confrontation with the main theses of philosophical scientism that outwardly abandons the „traditional“ philosophical equipment but actually operates with the philosophical attitudes of traditional positivism and empirism, the author sketches the perspectives of the philosophy of dialectical materialism. This philosophy has at its disposal a system of categories that confirm the rightful place of philosophy in elucidation of the essential aspects of the reality as well as a philosophical method of preserving the individuality and irreplaceability of philosophical investigation just from the point of view of the needs of contemporary science and of progressive social practice.