Ročník 42 (1987), 6

The contribution develops the idea that Darwinian concepts variability, natural selection, struggle for life and others — are closely linked with categories of necessity and chance, causality and finality, the whole and qualitative differentiation. Stress is laid upon the methodological aspect of categories and their application in explaining questions of… Čítať ďalej

In his contribution the author analyzes critically Kuhn’s refusal of continuity and truth of scientific cognition against the background of the controversy about the principle of correspondence. It is stated that the application of this principle has many limiting aspects and it cannot be, therefore, considered as a general proof of continuity of scientific… Čítať ďalej

In the paper several methodological problems of technological disciplines, technology are analyzed. Relative autonomy of technology, its specific characteristics, its relation to science, the structure and function of theory in technological disciplines are investigated. Technological disciplines are strategic sciences, developing instructions for realization of… Čítať ďalej

The paper is dedicated to the methodological analysis of Descarte’s method of transformation as a method of solving problems and of the idea of universalism — his thesis on the existence of the global method of investigating the world. It is shown by examples from the history of mathematics how Descarte’s method of semantical transformation led into the discovery… Čítať ďalej

The paper deals with the concept of measurement as an important process of knowing in contemporary science. It analyses physical aspects of measurement in biological measurements and it deduces the importance of physical quantification on the basis of contemporary stage of knowledge in the sphere of scientific experiments.

The stress is laid upon the… Čítať ďalej

The aim of the article is to demonstrate that for understanding and further development of the artificial intelligence it is very important to understand the specifity and the essence of natural thinking and to distinguish it from speech, language and logic.

The author considers speech, language and formal logic as one of the forms of externalization,… Čítať ďalej

The author returns in the paper to problems which stood in the focus of interest of the phycisist and philosophers in the first half of the century — to problems of measurement of microobjects in quantum physics. In the initial part of the paper she points out what different position the measuring device occupies in the process of measurement in quantum physics as… Čítať ďalej

Solving of philosophical problems linked with the construction of a scientific theory made an important part of Einstein’s productive activity. A scientific theory in his understanding contains three levels. The first level represents a system of axioms, the second level contains theorems deduced from axioms according to logical rules of deduction, the third level… Čítať ďalej

Classical Darwinism explains the mechanism of the origin of qualitatively new kinds, it does not, however, consider progressive evolution as an inevitable process. In order to be able to proceed from many-dimensionality of evolutionary orientation to forming of presuppositions of the origin of a qualitatively new system, we must begin to investigate the biological… Čítať ďalej