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The paper sheds light on the dialogical conception of the theory of literature of Peter V. Zima formulated in his book Literarische Äesthetik (The Literary Aesthetics). The author labels Zima's conception as moderate kantianism or moderate constructionism. He highly appreciates Zima's three capital sins which should be avoided in humanities (i. e."naturalism", literary manicheism and hermetically closed sociolect). The humanities in Slovakia have been dominated by hegelianism with its above mentioned capital sins, which pervaded the everyday life and became almost a folklore. The evidence of it are the nonscientific methods of "objective resarches", not willing to admit, that they are just "subjective interpretations". On these grounds it is therefore legitimate to read Zima's book as a challenge to return back to Kant.